De pe un forum de apicultura algerian unde m-am trezit aruncat cate ceva despre acel grooming despre care vorbeste Bunka!
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Effect Grooming or self deworming
Deworming behavior among bees, known as "grooming" is an important factor to be considered as a criterion in the selection of queens and as a factor in disease resistance, since apparently we would indicate the presence of a resistance Bee Varroa destructor, which medium term can lead us to a reduction treatment with synthetic molecules.
Under this approach, you might get a bee-Varroa tolerance similar to that presented Apis cerana, which coexists seamlessly with Varroa, which in turn would be ideal for our beekeeping. This tolerance mechanisms are currently studied in several countries and are supported by biological or behavioral characteristic of this type of bees. This selection of our Varroa tolerant honey bee, is still far from achieving the goal of fixing this character of tolerance or resistance, allowing us to effectively control Varroa, which respects the bees and their products, but there is a great optimism in the scientific, as the work on the hygienic behavior, highly developed in certain types of bees, we demonstrate that these are able to detect the presence of pathogens in breeding and capped and eliminate diseased larvae.
We can say that the effect of 'grooming' or deworming behavior (delousing, self-cleaning, grooming, hygiene behavior, etc.), is manifested in practice in two ways:
a) Self - 'grooming' behavior: or "self-cleaning behavior", ie brushing by the bee, of his own head, his chest and his abdomen, with the help of his first and third pairs legs.
b) Allo -'grooming' behavior: or "alo-cleaning behavior", ie cleaning bee by their peers. They actively seek the mite, running throughout the body antennas bee infected with the evident intention of removing it.
The invasion of a colony of Varroa in late summer is strongly influenced by many environmental factors, such as the number of parasites present at the beginning of the oviposition, disruptions of these, introduced parasites of bees outside the colony, (foreign) etc. That is why you need to put into play hereditary traits that we can measure and help to promote Varroa tolerance.
The pressure exerted by the mite Varroa destructor inside the colony, forcing bees to trap certain mites to mutilate part, this behavior of 'grooming' can be measured by observing the parasites removed, although we can not determine whether Varroa has been mutilated before or after the death of the parasite.
In the laboratory, we can see the effect "grooming" with the help of infra-red cameras. If workers have been marked, we can identify those particularly active in small hives orphans have been forced to lay eggs, there will be born drones for instrumental insemination of queens. The offspring of these queens show an improved ability to self-clean defense.
By observing his apiary, the beekeeper has to select one or more hives that "stand out" by the lower number of Varroa present. For proper evaluation of the self-cleaning behavior, it is necessary to equip the selected hives with a flat netting (or plastic mesh from 2.5 to 3 mm.) Which in turn is cardboard or paper packaged slathered in Vaseline or animal fat to thereby deriving parasites become fixed to it. After a variable time the parasites removed will be on the floor depending on the intensity of resistance submit bees already selected.
Parasites examined under a binocular microscope show different injuries:
Carapace dorsal *** sunk, revealing the action of the mandibles of the bee.
First pair of legs *** absent (Varroa destructor in these serve antennas). The mite, deprived of information from the external environment, bee goes off.
The sucker terminal *** legs destroyed. The fixation on its host of Varroa destructor is so problematic.
OLMEDO Roberto Ulloa Eng Exec. Agricultural - Apidólogo Brussels,
robolmedo@tiscali.be4